Retinopathy, Diabetic
About the Disease
Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 5, also known as diabetic retinopathy, is related to microvascular complications of diabetes 1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus. An important gene associated with Microvascular Complications of Diabetes 5 is PON1 (Paraoxonase 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ERK Signaling and Signal Transduction. The drugs Mecobalamin and Hydroxocobalamin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include Eye, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and cardiovascular system
Common Targets / Biomarkers
G3586 | G4524 | G2322 | Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (nonspecified subtype) | Histone deacetylase (nonspecified subtype) | G762 | G5176 | NADPH Oxidase (nonspecified subtype) | G6934 | P13024 | G339529 | G55328 | G57554 | G3606 | G3767 | G7292 | G25879 | G9290 | P48131 | G84937 | G1124 | G1232 | G6524 | G5243 | G53942 | G930 | G1644 | G7223 | G23254 | G7124 | G83596 | G9054 | G1071 | G3363 | G7422 | G23178 | G1535 | G221692 | G6647 | G4982 | Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE) (nonspecified subtype) | G4040 | P16683 | G7515 | G57124 | G114299 | G114548 | Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (nonspecified subtype) | G6714 | G25817 | P5768 | G79184 | G9170 | G596 | G4008 | G1012 | G2048 | G814 | G3576 | G221322 | G4804 | G3791 | Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) (nonspecified subtype) | G10123 | G8447 | G4157 | G8568 | P18508 | G6752 | G80704 | G3077 | G441478 | G3717 | G105377555 | G100526739 | G5590 | G6561 | G10800 | G3553 | Tyrosine-Protein Kinases Src (nonspecified subtype) | G732275 | G3673 | G6774 | G241 | G105377662 | G3551 | G5582 | G407040 | G7015 | G406928 | G10587 | G112616 | Thyroid hormone receptor (nonspecified subtype) | G140823 | G7424 | G1902 | G127700 | G6677 | G22941 | G57462 | P5755 | G2053 | G9370 | G3091 | Heat shock protein 90 (nonspecified subtype) | G114803 | G3386 | G8322 | G843 | G2645 | G1520 | G5578 | G3569 | G10628 | G6093 | G81620 | G29102 | Somatostatin receptor (nonspecified subtype) | G187 | Folate Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | G6446 | G11096 | G3274 | G6272 | G7224 | G1514 | G1636 | G1269 | G4049 | G783 | G2898 | G6510 | G5465 | Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) (nonspecified subtype) | G3479 | G558 | G7040 | Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) (nonspecified subtype) | G1432 | Lipoxygenase (nonspecified subtype) | G2688 | G100874095 | G1950 | Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (nonspecified subtype) | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (nonspecified subtype) | Integrin Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | P12327 | G25828 | Protein kinase C (nonspecified subtype) | G8224 | G6868 | G286006 | G105369456 | G5654 | G7099 | G2022 | G136 | P6058 | G100287329 | G29106 | G196740 | G79054 | G219621 | G3156 | G1289 | G1723 | Gap junction Connexin ( (nonspecified subtype) | G2050 | G10797 | G2739 | G10131 | G114826 | G3815 | G1813 | G4092 | G3383 | G7852 | G3276 | G23677 | Integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (fibrinogen gpIIb/IIIa) receptor | P5762 | G440275 | G11155 | G2056 | G1490 | G1268 | G6403 | G51393 | G285 | G10801 | G5583 | P5756 | G6648 | G3643 | G285600 | G84898 | G101928273 | G5467 | G1984 | G1994 | G1803 | G142 | G727982 | G231 | G2899 | P16126 | G5580 | G10631 | G11156 | G340895 | G81034 | G3159 | G9927 | G6754 | Tyrosine Kinase (nonspecified subtype) | G8829 | G7442 | G7046 | G5159 | G6262 | G7498 | G5054 | G5770 | G6732 | G140 | G4609 | G90 | G2833 | G94 | G445815 | G5468 | G57007 | Kallikrein (nonspecified subtype) | G823 | Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) (nonspecified subtype) | P2X Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | G6387 | G2346 | G64101 | beta-Adrenoceptor (nonspecified subtype) | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) (nonspecified subtype) | G4914 | G2846 | G8644 | G112869 | G9662 | P12328 | G157310 | G2057 | G2475 | G2690 | G3480 | G5345 | P5753 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) (nonspecified subtype) | G6750 | G6927 | G2444 | G5787 | G623 | G3630 | L-Type calcium channel (nonspecified subtype) | G64135 | Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (nonspecified subtype) | G6652 | G3263 | G328 | G2697 | G6513 | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (nonspecified subtype) | G2358 | G5579 | G3690 | G7871 | G2321 | G57105 | G221468 | G1024 | G7010 | G4318 | G2764 | G5754 | G6523 | G760 | G7941 | G4846 | G64928 | G105376640 | G2160 | G9475 | G406913 | Large Conductance BK(Ca) Potassium Channel (Maxi K+ Channel) (nonspecified subtype) | G10988 | Focal Adhesion Kinases (FAK) (nonspecified subtype) | G10371 | G2548 | G10194 | G6755 | G50508 | G5588 | G10855 | Gap Junction Protein (nonspecified subtype) | Endothelin receptor (nonspecified subtype) | P5754 | G4067 | G2908 | G9586 | G7350 | G8654 | G375612 | G3818 | G185 | G407051 | G11082 | G4005 | G177 | G6751 | G4567 | G4864 | G342184 | G6121 | G64840 | G4313 | G8811 | G961 | P6884 | G266722 | G8419 | P5759 | G7421 | G4843 | G58504 | G4233 | G6347 | G8989 | G3458 | P24924 | G1585 | G2064 | G5581 | G1234 | G3667 | G5737 | Melanocortin receptor (nonspecified subtype) | Rho kinase (ROCK) (nonspecified subtype) | G105372760 | Glutathione peroxidase (nonspecified subtype) | G406884 | G2621 | G1901 | Defensin (nonspecified subtype) | G1719 | G4161 | G5156 | G302 | P5767 | G387 | G7351 | G2247 | G2740 | G8639 | G824 | P10999 | G10085 | G100506023 | G9772 | G2161 | G23097
Other Diseases
Retinoschisis | Rett Syndrome | Reye Syndrome | Rhabdoid Tumor | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar | Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal | Rheumatic Heart Disease | Rheumatoid Arthritis | Rhinitis | Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata | Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency Neuronopathy | Richter's Syndrome | Rickets | Rift Valley Fever | Roberts Syndrome | Robinow Syndrome | Rolandic Epilepsy | Rosacea | Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome | Rotor Syndrome | Rubeosis Iridis | Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome | Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome | Salla Disease | Sandhoff Disease | SAPHO Syndrome | Sarcoidosis | Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary | Sarcoma | Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part | Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal | Sarcoma, Ewing | Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Of The Lung | Sarcosinemia | Saul-Wilson Syndrome | Scabies | Scapuloperoneal Myopathy, X-linked Dominant | Scapuloperoneal Spinal Muscular Atrophy | Schaaf-Yang Syndrome | Schamberg Disease | Schindler Disease | Schistosomiasis | Schistosomiasis Mansoni | Schizencephaly | Schizophrenia | Schizotypal Personality Disorder | Schnitzler Syndrome | Schnyder Crystalline Corneal Dystrophy | Schuurs-Hoeijmakers Syndrome | Schwannoma | Schwannomatosis | Schwartz-Jampel-Aberfeld Syndrome | Scleritis | Sclerocornea | Scleroderma | Scleroderma, Diffuse | Sclerosing Cholangitis | Sclerosteosis | Sclerosteosis 2 | Scoliosis | Seasonal Mood Disorder | Seborrheic Dermatitis | Seizures | Seizures-scoliosis-macrocephaly Syndrome | Seminoma | Sengers Syndrome | Senior-Loken Syndrome | Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Sensory Ataxic Neuropathy, Dysarthria, And Ophthalmoparesis | Sensory Neuropathy | Sepiapterin Reductase Deficiency | Sertoli Cell-only Syndrome | Sezary Syndrome | Shock, Cardiogenic | Short-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Shprintzen-Goldberg Syndrome | Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome | Sialoadenitis | Sick Sinus Syndrome | Sick Sinus Syndrome 1 | Sickle Cell Anemia | Sickle Cell Disease | Silicosis | Silver-Russell Syndrome | Sitosterolemia | Situs Inversus | Sjogren Syndrome | Skin Carcinoma | Skin Fragility-woolly Hair Syndrome | Skin Papilloma | Sleep Apnea | Sleep Apnea, Central | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive | Sleep Disorder | Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma | Smith-Kingsmore Syndrome | Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome | Smith-Magenis Syndrome | Smoldering Myeloma | Snyder-Robinson Syndrome | Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy | Sotos Syndrome | Spastic Paraplegia Type 7 | Spasticity | Specific Granule Deficiency | Speech Disorders | Spina Bifida | Spinal And Bulbar Muscular Atrophy | Spinal Cord Diseases | Spinal Muscular Atrophy | Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2 | Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3 | Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 13 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 14 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 15 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 16 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 20 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 21 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 23 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 27 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 28 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 31 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 38 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 40 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 42 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 5 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 | Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8 | Spitz Nevus | Spitzoid Melanoma | Splenomegaly | Split Hand-foot Malformation | Sponastrime Dysplasia | Spondylo-megaepiphyseal-metaphyseal Dysplasia | Spondylo-ocular Syndrome | Spondyloarthritis | Spondylocarpotarsal Synostosis Syndrome | Spondylocostal Dysostosis | Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda, X-linked | Spondylolisthesis | Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia | Spondyloperipheral Dysplasia | Spondylosis | Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine | Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis | Stargardt Disease | Steel Syndrome | Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | Stickler Syndrome | Stiff-man Syndrome | Still Disease | Stomatitis | Strabismus | Stroke | Stroke, Hemorrhagic | Stroke, Ischemic | Stromal Corneal Dystrophy | Sturge-Weber Syndrome | Stuttering | Stuve-Wiedemann Syndrome | Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis | Subcortical Band Heterotopia | Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency | Superficial Spreading Melanoma | Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis | Sweet Syndrome | Swine Influenza | Syncope | Syndactyly | Synovitis | Synpolydactyly | Syphilis | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Systemic Mastocytosis | T-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | T-cell Leukemia | T-cell Lymphoma, Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like | T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia | Takayasu's Arteritis | Takenouchi-Kosaki Syndrome | Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy | Tangier Disease | Tardive Dyskinesia | TARP Syndrome | Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome | Tay-Sachs Disease | Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | Temtamy Preaxial Brachydactyly Syndrome | Tendinitis | Tendinopathy | Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor | Teratozoospermia | Tetanus | Thalassemia | Thalassemia, Beta | Thanatophoric Dysplasia | Thanatophoric Dysplasia Type 1 | Thin Basement Membrane Disease | Thrombasthenia | Thrombocythemia, Essential | Thrombocytopenia | Thromboembolism | Thrombophilia | Thrombophlebitis | Thrombosis | Thrombotic Microangiopathy | Thymoma, Malignant | Thyroid Dysgenesis | Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis | Thyroid Hormone Resistance | Thyroiditis | Thyroiditis, Autoimmune | Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis | Tibial Muscular Dystrophy | Tic Disorder | Tietze Syndrome | Tinea | Tinea Versicolor | Tonsillitis | Torticollis | Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis | Toxoplasmosis | Traboulsi Syndrome | Tracheal Disorders | Trachoma | Transcobalamin Deficiency | Transient Bullous Dermolysis Of The Newborn | Transthyretin-related Amyloidosis | Treacher Collins Syndrome | Tremor | Tricho-hepato-enteric Syndrome | Trichomegaly | Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome | Trichothiodystrophy | Trichotillomania | Trichuriasis | Trigonocephaly | Trimethylaminuria | Triphalangeal Thumb-polysyndactyly Syndrome | Triple A Syndrome | Trismus-pseudocamptodactyly Syndrome | Tuberculosis | Tuberculous Meningitis | Tularemia | Tumoral Calcinosis | Turner's Syndrome | Twin-to-twin Transfusion Syndrome | Tylosis With Esophageal Cancer | Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency | Tyrosinemia | Tyrosinemia Type 1 | Tyrosinemia Type 2 | Ulcerative Colitis | Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome | Urea Cycle Disorder | Uremia | Uremic Pruritus | Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction | Urethritis | Urofacial Syndrome | Urolithiasis | Urticaria | Usher Syndrome | Usher Syndrome Type II | Usher Syndrome Type IIC | Usher Syndrome Type III | Uterine Leiomyoma | Uveitis | Uveitis, Anterior | VACTERL Association | VACTERL/VATER Association | Vaginitis | Van Der Knaap Disease | Varicocele | Vascular Calcification | Vascular Cognitive Impairment | Vasculitis | Veno-occlusive Disease | Venous Insufficiency | Ventricular Septal Defect | Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency | Vertigo | Very Long-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | Vestibular Disease | VEXAS Syndrome | Vici Syndrome | Viral Meningitis | Vitamin A Deficiency | Vitamin B12 Deficiency | Vitamin D Deficiency | Vitamin K Deficiency | Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy | Vitiligo | Vitreoretinal Degeneration, Snowflake Type | Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative | Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome | Von Hippel-Lindau Disease | Von Willebrand Disease | Vulvovaginitis | Waardenburg Syndrome | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 1 | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2 | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2A | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2E | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4 | Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4A | Wagner Disease | WAGR Syndrome | Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia | Walker-Warburg Syndrome | Warsaw Breakage Syndrome | Weill-Marchesani Syndrome | Werner's Syndrome | Whipple's Disease | Wieacker-Wolff Syndrome | Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome | Williams Syndrome | Wilson's Disease | Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome | Withdrawal Syndrome | Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome | Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | Wolfram Syndrome | Wolfram Syndrome 2 | Wolman Disease | Woodhouse-Sakati Syndrome | X-linked Acrogigantism | X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease | X-linked Creatine Transporter Deficiency | X-linked Myotubular Myopathy | X-linked Sideroblastic Anemia | Xeroderma Pigmentosum | Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant Type | Yellow Fever | Zellweger Syndrome | Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome | Zygomycosis
